Do you really understand the commonly used photosynthetic bacteria in aquacultur

Do you really understand the commonly used photosynthetic bacteria in aquaculture?你真的了解水产养殖中常用的光合细菌吗?

      From a microbiological perspective, photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) are a general term for a large group of prokaryotes capable of photosynthesis, divided into two categories: aerobic photosynthetic bacteria and anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria. Oxygen producing photosynthetic bacteria are mainly cyanobacteria, also known as cyanobacteria and proto green algae, which belong to algae in classification.从微生物学的角度来看，光合细菌(PSB)是一大类能够进行光合作用的原核生物的总称，分为好氧光合细菌和厌氧光合细菌两大类。产氧光合细菌主要是蓝藻，又称蓝藻和原绿藻，在分类上属于藻类。

      The photosynthetic bacteria referred to here are prokaryotes that can carry out non oxygen producing photosynthesis under anaerobic light conditions. It is divided into four families: Red Snail Fungi, Coloring Fungi, Green Fungi, and Green Aspergillus. Main features: containing photosynthetic pigment - bacterial green pigment; Perform photosynthetic growth under anaerobic and light conditions without producing oxygen.这里所指的光合细菌是指可以在厌氧光条件下进行不产氧光合作用的原核生物。它分为四科:红蜗牛真菌、着色真菌、绿真菌和绿曲霉。主要特点:含光合色素——细菌绿色色素;在无氧和光照条件下进行光合作用生长，不产生氧气。

      The dosage forms of photosynthetic bacteria commonly seen in the market include liquid preparations, concentrated solutions, solid preparations, freeze-dried powders, etc. Relatively speaking, liquid preparations are easier to cultivate and produce in large quantities, and the activity of the culture is strong, with abundant metabolites in photosynthetic bacteria. The application effect is also good, and currently it is the most widely used among various dosage forms.市面上常见的光合细菌剂型有液体制剂、浓缩溶液、固体制剂、冻干粉等。相对而言，液体制剂更容易大量培养和生产，培养活性强，光合细菌代谢产物丰富。应用效果也很好，是目前各种剂型中应用最广泛的。

      The photosynthetic bacteria used in aquaculture are mainly phototrophic heterotrophic and some species in the family of red snails. We mainly introduce the swamp red pseudomonas. According to Announcement No. 1126 of the Ministry of Agriculture (2008), the use of swamp red pseudomonas as a feed additive in breeding animals is allowed.水产养殖中使用的光合细菌主要是光养异养型和红蜗牛科的一些种类。我们主要介绍沼泽红假单胞菌。根据农业部公告(2008)第1126号，允许在养殖动物中使用沼泽红假单胞菌作为饲料添加剂。

      The suitable water temperature for the growth of swamp red pseudomonas is 15-40 ℃, and the optimal water temperature is 30-36 ℃. It is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, a Gram negative bacterium that uses small molecule organic matter, carbon dioxide, etc. as carbon sources, and ammonia, ammonium salts, nitrate or nitrite as nitrogen sources.沼泽红假单胞菌生长的适宜水温为15 ~ 40℃，最适水温为30 ~ 36℃。它是兼性厌氧细菌，以小分子有机物、二氧化碳等为碳源，以氨、铵盐、硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐为氮源的革兰氏阴性细菌。

      The bacterial body has a high protein content and contains a large amount of active factors that promote the growth of fish and shrimp, such as biotin, vitamins, beta carotenoids, etc., which can significantly promote the growth and development of aquaculture organisms and shorten the aquaculture cycle. And it has strong adaptability, can tolerate high concentrations of organic wastewater and strong decomposition and transformation ability, and also has certain tolerance and decomposition ability to toxic substances such as phenols and cyanide.

菌体蛋白质含量高，含有大量促进鱼虾生长的活性因子，如生物素、维生素、类β -胡萝卜素等，能显著促进养殖生物的生长发育，缩短养殖周期。并且具有较强的适应性，能耐受高浓度的有机废水和较强的分解转化能力，对酚类、氰化物等有毒物质也有一定的耐受性和分解能力。

 Function 函数

      1. Purifying water quality: Swamp red pseudomonas can degrade organic matter in water; At the same time, it can also absorb and utilize harmful substances such as ammonia, nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide in water. When treating domestic sewage, a large amount of swamp red pseudomonas is continuously added to the polluted water every day, consuming a large amount of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which can inhibit the growth of phytoplankton.1. 净化水质:沼泽红假单胞菌可降解水中有机物;同时，它还能吸收和利用水中的氨、亚硝酸盐、硫化氢等有害物质。在处理生活污水时，每天不断向被污染的水中添加大量沼泽红假单胞菌，消耗大量的氮、磷等营养物质，可以抑制浮游植物的生长。

      2. As a feed additive: Rhodopseudomonas mirabilis has high nutritional value, which is why it is used as a water culture feed and as a feed additive in aquaculture.2. 作为饲料添加剂:神奇红假单胞菌具有很高的营养价值，这就是为什么它被用作水生养殖饲料和水产养殖饲料添加剂的原因。

      3. Inhibition of blue-green algae blooms: Swamp red pseudomonas can utilize a large amount of organic matter required by certain blue-green algae in water, compete with blue-green algae to form biological competition, and effectively inhibit the number of blue-green algae in the early stage of blue-green algae blooms.3. 抑制蓝藻华:沼泽红假单胞菌可以利用水中某些蓝藻所需的大量有机物，与蓝藻竞争形成生物竞争，在蓝藻华前期有效抑制蓝藻的数量。