Autolyzed Yeast and Its Implications in Animal Nutrition

Autolyzed yeast, also known as yeast extract, is a food ingredient produced by breaking down yeast cells through a process called autolysis. During autolysis, the yeast cells release their own enzymes, which break down the cellular components. The resulting mixture is then concentrated and used as autolyzed yeast.

Autolysed yeast can be added to diets to decrease ammonia emission from the rumen and improve the digestibility of nutrients. In dairy cows, autolyzed yeast improves feed efficiency and milk yield.

In broilers, autolyzed yeast has been shown to increase weight gain, improve PFC levels, decrease ammonia emission from the rumen and increase immune response.

There are several reasons autolyzed yeast may be beneficial in animal nutrition. In this article autolyzed yeast will be reviewed as a feed additive in ruminants and monogastric.

Implications of Use in Animal Nutrition

In animal nutrition, autolyzed yeast has implications such as enhancing palatability, stimulating appetite, supporting digestive health, modulating the immune system, reducing stress, and providing nutritional supplementation. It can contribute to a balanced diet, improve nutrient utilization, and promote overall well-being in animals. However, the specific inclusion levels and considerations should be based on the nutritional requirements and digestive physiology of the target animal species.

Yeast Hydrolysate /Autolyzed Yeast

Benefits of Autolyzed Yeast For Ruminants

Autolyzed yeast can improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization in ruminants. In dairy cows, autolyzed yeasts have been shown to improve yield per cow by reducing ammonia emission from the rumen and increasing feed efficiency. Other benefits autolyzed yeast provides are increased milk production, reduced somatic cell count (SCC) yield/kg of milk produced, and better immune response in dairy cows. 

One of the main reasons autolyzed yeast is an effective feed additive in ruminants is its ability to lower the diet’s ammonia emission from the rumen. Ammonia, one of the end products of protein metabolism found in autolyzed yeast, can be absorbed by bacteria which decreases the amount of ammonia being emitted into the atmosphere and reduces pollution. Autolyzed yeast lowers lipid peroxidation in the rumen which reduces the amount of ammonia being produced. Additionally, autolyzed yeast may decrease methane production by increasing microbial protein synthesis and decreasing protozoal populations.

Autolyzed yeast contributes to the nitrogen economy and helps animals grow at more efficient rates. The authorization process releases autolysins, which are enzymes that catalyze the destruction of disulfide bonds between proteins. This autodigestion of proteins breaks down large protein molecules into amino acids. During autolysis, autochthonous enzymes are released which can then be used in the animal’s digestive system.

Benefits of Autolyzed Yeast For Broilers

Autolyzed yeast has been proven to increase the growth rate, feed efficiency, and weight gain in broilers compared with non-autolyzed yeast. 

The autolysis process may benefit monogastric through increased protein digestibility by autolytic enzymes in autolyzed yeast. Improved starch digestion was also observed in monogastric species fed autolyzed yeast. A study conducted on autolyzed yeast and broiler diets showed that autolyzed yeasts increased weight gain, feed efficiency (weight gain/feed consumption), total litter WG and average daily gain per bird more than the non autolyzed yeast. 

Another benefit autolyzed yeast provides to monogastric is reducing ammonia concentration in the rumen. A study conducted showed autolyzed yeast to have a greater reduction effect on reducing ammonia emission than non-autolyzed yeast. Likewise, autolyzed yeast has been shown to reduce gas production (TGP) and ammonia emission when compared with a control diet containing 0% autolyzed yeast.

Research should be done on the autolysis of autolyzed yeast in monogastric. The autolytic enzyme autolyzed yeast produced through autolysis may have implications for its effect on monogastric digestion and nutrition.

Conclusion

Autolyzed yeast has been proven to increase feed efficiency, weight gain, and growth in monogastric. Autolyzed yeast may also decrease ammonia emission from the rumen due to autolysis of autolyzed yeast cell autolytic products. Research needs to be done on autolyzed yeast use in monogastric for greater impacts and benefits autolyzed yeast could have on monogastric to improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization.

Improving feed efficiency and weight gain while decreasing ammonia emission from the rumen autolyzed yeast has been shown to provide for dairy cows. Autolyzed yeast broiler diets showed increased growth rate, feed efficiency (weight gain/feed consumption), total litter WG and average daily gain per bird more than non-autolyzed yeast. Autolyzed yeasts have been proven to decrease ammonia emission from the rumen due to autolysis of autolyzed yeast cell autolytic products. Autolyzed yeasts show to have a greater reduction effect on reducing ammonia emission when compared with non autolyzed yeast autolyzed yeast also reduces gas production (TGP) and ammonia emission when compared with control autolyzed yeast.

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