yeast cell wall

The structure of the yeast cell walls

The structure of the yeast cell walls

The yeast cell wall accounts for about 15%~30% of the dry weight of yeast cells and is 0.1-0.3um thick and high. It plays an important role in maintaining cell morphology and recognition between cells. The cell wall is thin and elastic at the beginning of yeast growth, and the cell wall will become thicker and harder after the bacterial age increases. The yeast cell wall has three layers structure, the outer layer is mannan oligosaccharide layer, the inner layer is glucan layer, and the middle layer is a layer of protein. Some of these eggs exist in the form of enzymes binding to the cell wall, and there are some mosaics between each layer. The main components of yeast cell wall, beta-glucan and mannose, accounted for about 30% of the dry weight of cell wall, glycoprotein accounted for about 20%, and other components, such as chitin, lipids and ash, accounted for less than 20% of the dry weight of cell wall. Yeast cell wall property is relatively stable, in the process of feeding animals can withstand gastric acid conditions, can keep active through the stomach; And can withstand the feed pelleting process of high temperature conditions, so it can be widely used in animal breeding

Yeast beta-glucan
Glucan layer is located in the inner layer of the cell wall and is one of the most important structural components of the yeast cell wall. It consists of 10 to 20 monosaccharides which constitute polysaccharides with characteristic structure. Another type of glucan polymer bound by Beta-(1-6) bonds. It is insoluble and absorbable in the digestive tract of animals and does not produce viscosity. The monosaccharide bond in beta-glucan makes it a three-strand helical conformation. The unique molecular configuration plays an important role in the generation of animal immune response. The immunity function that yeast glucan has has: can stimulate airframe to produce lymphocyte, make airframe produces specific immunity to bacterium of cause of disease, activate the macrophage cell inside airframe.

Yeast mannan

Another polysaccharide component of the yeast cell wall is mannan, which binds part of the protein to form mannoprotein, which covers the outer layer of the yeast cell. The main chain of mannan is formed by about 50 mannose-groups with a-(1-6) bond, and the main chain is connected with branched chains, which are connected by 1-4 mannose-groups with A -(1-2) and A -(1-3) bond. Some branched chains bind some groups, and the various groups bound by these groups may be the decisive sites of yeast cell wall to induce specific antibodies in animals due to different configurations. After the skeleton of a-(1-6) glycosidic bond is broken, several oligosaccharides, namely mannose-oligosaccharides (MOS), are formed, which have various biological activities and are the main functional polysaccharides in animal immunity and nutrition. Mannan oligosaccharides can improve animal performance by improving intestinal microecology, reducing gastrointestinal diseases, absorbing pathogenic bacteria, removing toxins, and improving the defense function of immune system.